Male cattle reared for beef are typically castrated. Male calves born on dairy farms are increasingly reared for beef. so a better understanding of how to humanely perform this procedure in dairy systems is now required. We studied the short-term affective responses of dairy calves to castration using a conditioned place aversion paradigm. https://www.diegojavierfares.com/flash-offer-A-D-EJ-123-Newton-Compact-Balance-Scale-120-x-0-001-g-hot-grab/