Abstract Background Rust fungi are destructive pathogens in crop plants. having led to epidemics and damaging crops all over the world. The rust Puccinia silphii (Basidiomycota) infects Silphium integrifolium. which is a member of the most speciose plant family. https://www.chiggate.com/3m-speedglas-9002nc-welding-helmet-fashion/